Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 15–34, 2002
Title: Osmylidae: Illustrations in the early entomological literature and the discovery of early stages and clarification of the biology (Neuropterida: Neuroptera)
Author: H. Aspöck
Author's address: Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene, University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria, E-mail: horst.aspoeck@univie.ac.at
Abstract: This paper gives an account of the early research on those insects now included in the family Osmylidae, with detailed information on first descriptions and illustrations, nomenclature of the first described species and genus, on illustrations until 1820 and on the discovery of early stages and of the biology.
Key words: Neuroptera, Osmylidae, history of entomology
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Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 35–50, 2002 Title: The biology of Raphidioptera: a review of present knowledge Author: H. Aspöck Author's address: Department of Medical Parasitology, Clinical Institute of Hygiene, University of Vienna Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria; E-mail:
horst.aspoeck@univie.ac.at Abstract: Basic information on the systematics and distribution of the order Raphidioptera is provided, followed by details of the biology of snakeflies
with respect to habitats, substrates upon which they develop, food
of adults, food of larvae, life cycles, prothetely, mating and oviposition,
parasites and parasitoids, hyperparasites, possible economic importance,
and rearing methods. Key words: Raphidioptera, biology, systematics, distribution, parasites, parasitoids, rearing methods Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), p.
51, 2002 Title: Homology of male genital sclerites in Neuropterida – an adventure Author: U. Aspöck Author's address: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, A-1014 Wien, Austria E-mail:ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at Abstract: Interpretation of male genital sclerites of Neuropterida has always
been fraught with ambiguity. Previous controversial approaches may
be summarised by the slogan: archaic derivatives versus derived novelties.
Arguments for homologizing via a gonocoxite concept are presented
here. The primitive machilid (Archaeognatha, Machilidae) structures
provide the background for identifiying the amazingly similar male
genital sclerites of Raphidioptera. The comparatively complete segment
9 of Raphidioptera consists of tergite, sternite, large gonocoxites,
styli and gonapophyses; it serves as a reference model for our understanding
of segment 10 and 11 in Raphidioptera and of male genital sclerites
in Megaloptera and Neuroptera. The large machilid / raphidiopteran
gonocoxites 9 changed to appendage-like sclerites in Megaloptera and
Neuroptera, and even shifted into the genital chamber in some neuropteran
taxa, or became obliterated. The styli of segment 9 have been lost
independently several times. Gonapophyses 9 remained rod-like or evolved
substantially in Raphidiidae (hypovalva), but were lost in Megaloptera
and in most Neuroptera. Sclerites of segment 10 underwent the most
dramatic changes, and obliterations reflected in requirements for
copulation: only the tergite remained, but amalgamated with tergite
11, forming the ectoproct. All other sclerites shifted into the genital
chamber. Gonocoxites 10 apparently became lost, although their gonapophyses
persist as parameres (e.g. in Phaeostigma Navás
and Italochrysa Principi). The mediuncus (penis)
is interpreted as the fused styli of the otherwise lost gonocoxites.
Sclerites of segment 11 are still traceable: the tergite (amalgamated
in the ectoproct), and the sternite, possibly as a tiny subanale.
The gonarcus is interpreted as the gonocoxites 11, the entoprocessus
as the corresponding gonapophyses, and the arcessus as the fused styli
of gonocoxites 11. The hypandrium internum, irrespective of its true
nature (which still remains doubtful), may indeed be a peculiarity
of the Neuropterida – although most likely lacking in Megaloptera. Key words: Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 53–59, 2002 Title: The green lacewings in Belgium (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Authors: Bozsik A., Mignon, J. and Ch. Gaspar Authors' addresses: Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Debrecen, Hungary; E-mail: bozsik@helios.date.hu Abstract: There are merely three published sources of information on the green
lacewings in Belgium. The first two were written by a Belgian and
a Catalan author at the beginning of the 20th century and the third
was published in 1980. Interestingly, the most recent study reported
the fewest species (11), the most previous contained 12 and the second
one showed 17 species. Key words: Chrysopidae, Belgium Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 61–65, 2002 Title: Influence of the density of Chrysoperla mediterranea (hölzel, 1972) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) adults on its laboratory reproduction potential Authors: Carvalho, C. F., Canard, M. and
C. Alauzet Authors' addresses: Depto de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras C.P. 37, 37200-000 Lavras MG, Brasil; E-mail: cfc@ufla.br Abstract: The reproductive potential of Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel,
1972) was investigated, when adults were subjected to different densities
per rearing unit. Couples after emergence were placed into rectangular
cages of 450 cm<^>3<^*>, fed enzymatic protein hydrolysate of yeast
and kept in a climatic chamber at 20<@177>1 °C, RH 70–80%
and 16h-photophase. The treatments were repeated six times utilizing
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 couples with a couple/volume ratio of 1/450,
1/225, 1/150, 1/112, 1/90, 1/75 and 1/64 cm<^>3<^*>, respectively.
It was observed that the average pre-oviposition period for one couple
was 5.8<@177>0.3 days while for the other treatments it was 7–8
days. For the oviposition period no significant differences were found,
100 days being obtained on the average, but for the daily and total
oviposition the results showed differences among the treatments with
one couple per rearing unit showing the greatest fecundity (520<@177>26.0
eggs/female). By increasing the couple numbers, the total oviposition
capacity decreased, becoming more marked from four couples per rearing
unit, with only 270.0<@177>103.0 eggs/female when seven couples were
utilized (density 1/64 cm<^>3<^*>). Longevity was equally affected
by density and for a single couple, it was 138.3<@177>11.2 days for
the males and 117.8<@177>12.8 days for the females. In comparison,
the reduction was in the order of 50% for both sexes when the density
was seven couples per chamber. Key words: green lacewing, Chrysoperla, biology, rearing units Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 67–73, 2002 Title: Neuroptera in oak forests in the submediterranean district of Slovenia Author: D. Devetak Author's address: Department of Biology, University of Maribor, Koro<@154>ka 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia E-mail: dusan.devetak@uni-mb.si Abstract: In the Submediterranean District of Slovenia, Neuropteran assemblages
in two types of oak forests have been investigated. For both forest
types, data on plant substrate species are provided. The faunal composition
of the two oak forests is compared with the fauna of the garrigue
from the southernmost part of Istria. While in both woodland habitats
arboreal species dominate, in the garrigue habitat the number of species
preferring grassy steppes is much higher. Key words: Neuroptera, Istria, Submediterranean District, oak forests Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 75–87, 2002 Title: Forest edges are biodiversity hotspots – also for Neuroptera Authors: Duelli, P., Obrist, M. K. and
P. F. Flückiger Authors' addresses: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf,
Switzerland E-mail: peter.duelli@wsl.ch Abstract: In a research project investigating the contribution of forest ecotone
structures to regional arthropod biodiversity, the neuropteran fauna
was assessed at five differently-structured forest edges and, for
comparison, 50 m inside the forest. Arthropods were collected from
February to November by means of pitfall traps, window (interception)
traps and yellow water pans. The traps were installed along transects,
reaching horizontally from the open cultivated land into the forest
and vertically, on scaffolds, from the ground up to the tree crowns. For each of the species of the insect orders Neuroptera (59), Raphidioptera
(3) and Mecoptera (2), spatio-temporal distribution patterns from
open habitats into the forest can be generated from the available
database. Only 3 species (5%) were equally or more numerous inside
the forest than at the edges. Of particular interest is the distribution
in space and time of three sibling species of the Chrysoperla carnea
complex (C. lucasina, C. pallida, C. carnea). Key words: Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Mecoptera, biodiversity, forest
edge, canopy Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 89–98, 2002 Title: List of the name-bearing Neuropterida types in the Collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, USA Author: O. S. Flint, Jr. Author's address: Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA E-mail: flint.oliver@nmnh.si.edu Abstract: The collection of Neuropterida at the National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution, is housed in 221 insect drawers and 311 bottles
of vials. It is estimated to contain 132 species of Megaloptera, 1192
species of Neuroptera and 33 species of Raphidioptera. The 163 name-bearing
types are divided among the Megaloptera (26), Neuroptera (134), and
Raphidioptera (3). A list of all the name-bearing types including
author, year of publication, country of origin, and current placement
is given; it is also noted if it is a lectotype or neotype. Key words: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, name-bearing types,
Smithsonian Institution Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 99–120, 2002 Title: Antlion assemblages (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of two arid habitats in Tunisia Author: R. Güsten Author's address: Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Zoologische Abteilung Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany E-mail: guesten@hlmd.de Abstract: The antlion fauna was investigated by black-lighting in late spring
and late summer at two sites in southern Tunisia, representing
pre-Saharan acacia savanna and dwarf shrub semi-desert of the
Sahara, respectively. The species compositions recorded differed very
markedly between sites and seasons, with few species encountered in
both habitats or in both collecting periods. Diversity was distinctly
lower at the semi-desert site, where only 21 species, but a high number
of individuals, were caught, with a strong dominance of one species
each in the two seasons. At the acacia savanna location, 26 species
were found, a few of which may, however, be associated with adjoining
biotopes of oasis vegetation, ravines and hillside grassland. The
species assemblage of the savanna is compared to a previous, similarly
rich sample from the same region. Some taxonomic and faunistic remarks
are given regarding the species collected. Key words: Myrmeleontidae, North Africa, habitat preferences, phenology,
systematics Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 121–140, 2002 Title: Patterns in the distribution of Afrotropical Chrysopidae Authors: Hölzel, H.* and P. Ohm<@134> Authors' addresses: *Eppersdorf 1, A-9371 Brückl, Austria; E-mail: herbert.hoelzel@aon.at Abstract: Africa south of the Sahara has a comparatively rich fauna of Chrysopidae.
Approximately 180 species in 26 genera have so far been recorded from
the Afrotropical Region. The distribution of animals and plants on
the continent is defined by the extensive area of lowland rainforest
that covers West and Central Africa along the equator. This practically
forms a barrier that divides the continent into two different savannah
areas. Other important biomes are the isolated montane forests of
East and Southeast Africa and three large arid areas: The Sudanese,
the Somali and the Southwest arid zones include several important
centres for insect distribution. About 100 species of the family occur in South and East Africa of
which more than 40 have only been found in South Africa; 37 species
and subspecies are probably endemic to the Madagascan subregion. The
chrysopid fauna of the arid and semiarid parts of West Africa is rather
poor, while the probably rich fauna of the West African rainforest
and the West African savannahs is scarcely known. Key words: Chrysopidae, Afrotropical Region, distribution, biogeography Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 141–147, 2002 Title: Musculature of male genitalia of Antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae): first results of study Author: V. A. Krivokhatsky Author's address: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Universitetskaya nab.,1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia E-mail: myz@zin.ru Abstract: The male genitalia of species of antlions studied [Myrmecaelurus
trigrammus (Pall.), Creoleon plumbeus (Ol.)]
consist of evident morpho-functional structures: pregenital, ejaculatory
and copulatory complexes. The latter can be divided into the aedeagal
and proctal subcomplexes. Sclerites and muscles of each complex are
described. Key words: antlions, male genitalia, musculature Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 149–154, 2002 Title: Neuropterida of the Abruzzo National Park, Italy Authors: Letardi, A. and E. Migliaccio* Authors' addresses: ENEA, C. R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, S.P. 046, I-00060 S. Maria
di Galeria Rome, Italy; E-mail: aletardi@casaccia.enea.it Abstract: A preliminary check list of Neuropterida of Abruzzo National Park,
Italy, is presented. About 49 taxa of Megaloptera, Raphidioptera,
and Neuroptera were detected within the Park and in the surrounding
areas, although the identity of 13 of these requires confirmation.
The material was collected during occasional research between 1997
and 1999. A review of publications with distributional data is included. Key words: Abruzzo National Park, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera,
Italy Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 155–158, 2002 Title: A web page on Italian Neuropterida Author: A. Letardi Author's address: ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese Abstract: For several reasons, very few researchers devoted their studies to Italian Neuropterida. One of these motives was difficulty in literature
searches due to the lack of a review of many data scattered in obscure
journals and publications. Internet tools can assist researchers to
communicate and easily find and access information. This contribution
introduces the present "state of the art" regarding a web
catalogue of data pertaining to Italian Neuropterida. Key words: Internet site, Neuropterida, Italy Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 159–163, 2002 Title: Remarks on Neuroptera of north-eastern Slovenia (GORI<@200>KO) Authors: Lipov<@154>ek, S. and B. Mencinger Authors' address: Department of Biology, University of Maribor, Koro<@154>ka 160, SI-2000
Maribor, Slovenia E-mail: sasa.lipovsek@uni-mb.si Abstract: The abundance of species of Neuroptera was studied in the traditional
cultural landscape of Gori<@232>ko (NE Slovenia). The insects were
collected during 1997, 1998 and 1999 at 12 different localities. The
green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea sensu lato was the most dominant
species in the region. This species was the only one found in cultivated
fields in Gori<@232>ko district. Key words: Neuroptera, Gori<@232>ko, Slovenia Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 165–173, 2002 Title: Monitoring lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) in southern Africa Author: M. W. Mansell Author's address: ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134,
Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002
South Africa E-mail: vrehmwm@plant5.agric.za Abstract: A concerted research programme is being undertaken on southern African
Neuroptera. This has been formally structured into five operational
components or focal areas: a biodiversity audit, systematic revisions,
study of larval biology and ecological requirements, distribution
patterns and predictive modelling, and conservation status and protective
measures. The programme is being undertaken in collaboration with
local and international researchers, while amateur entomologists also
make significant contributions. Key words: Southern Africa, Neuroptera, ecology, biogeography, predictive
modelling, conservation Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 175–184, 2002 Title: Southern African biomes and the evolution of Palparini (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) Author: Mansell, M. W. and B. F. N. Erasmus* Authors' addresses: ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134,
Pretoria, 0001 South Africa E-mail: vrehmwm@plant5.agric.za Abstract: Southern Africa harbours 42 of the 88 known species of Palparini (Insecta:
Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Twenty-nine of the 42 species are endemic
to the western parts of the subregion, including Namibia, Botswana,
the Western, Northern and Eastern Cape, and North-West Provinces of
South Africa. Geographical Information Systems analyses and climate
change models have been used to reveal possible reasons for the
high diversity and levels of endemism of Palparini in southern
Africa. The analyses have indicated that climate, and the consequent
rich variety of vegetation and soil types, have been the driving forces
behind southern Africa being a major evolutionary centre for palparines
and other Neuroptera. Key words: Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Palparini, southern Africa,
biomes, Geographical Information Systems Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 185–195 pp. Title: The palpares relational database:
an integrated model for lacewing research Authors: Mansell, M. W. and B. Kenyon* Authors' addresses: ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag
X134 Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria
0002 Pretoria, South Africa; E-mail: vrehmwm@plant5.agric.za Abstract: The Palpares Relational Database has been designed for the Southern
African Lacewing Monitoring Programme, to address the limitations
of conventional databases and filing systems. The model has also been
expanded to other collections and taxa. The application was developed
in Microsoft Access<@174>, and comprises Tables, Forms, Queries and
Reports that accumulate and integrate data on Specimens, Taxonomy,
Localities, Literature, Institutions, Type data, and Collectors and
Authors. The model provides synchronised access to comprehensive data
across multiple platforms, for potential use in many applications
and products. These include publications, geographical information
systems analysis, faunal inventories, environmental impact assessments,
compilation of catalogues, bibliographies, and data on Neuroptera
as biological control agents, as well as being an invaluable resource
for taxonomic research. Key words: Relational database, specimen data, taxonomy, localities,
bibliography, institutions Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 197–201 pp. Title: New records of Neuroptera from Iran Author: A. Mirmoayedi Author's address: Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University,
Kermanshah, Iran E-mail: amirmoayed@hotmail.com; amirmoayedi2001@yahoo.com Abstract: Seven provinces of Iran were surveyed for Neuroptera. Three species
are newly listed for the fauna of Iran. Key words: Neuroptera, Iran Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 203–208 pp. Title: Enzymatic polymorphism
in Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and c. Kolthoffi (NavÁs) (Neuroptera
: Chrysopidae) Authors: Mouloud, M., Chu, N. T., Simo Santalla,
P., Gillet, P. and D. Thierry Authors' address: Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Abstract: Isozymes can be used in order to study the importance of reproductive
barriers between populations or species. The aim of this work is to
study allozyme polymorphism in natural populations of Chrysoperla
carnea (Stephens) and Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navás)
collected in the West of France. Two enzymatic systems were studied
by starch gel electrophoresis: diaphorase (DIA) and isocitrate
dehydrogenase (IDH). For each enzymatic system, presumed loci were
scored and genetic interpretation was proposed. The study of allozyme
polymorphism at the DIA and IDH-2 loci provided evidence of marked
genetic differences between Ch. carnea and Ch. kolthoffi. Key words:
lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, C. kolthoffi, isozymes,
electrophoresis Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 209–216 pp. Title: Prospects for extending the use of australian lacewings in biological
control Author: T. R. New Author's address: Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
E-mail: zootn@zoo.latrobe.edu.au Abstract: Very few Australian lacewings have been utilised in biological control
programmes, despite the need to manage an enormous variety of arthropod
pests on a wide range of crops. Only two species (Micromus tasmaniae
Walker, Mallada signatus (Schneider)) have
attracted wide attention. The reasons for this focus are discussed,
and the biology and abundance of Australian Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae
reviewed as a basis for discovering further opportunities to manipulate
native lacewing species for pest management. These opportunities are
explored in the context of (1) the undesirability of introducing further
exotic natural enemies to Australia and the consequent need to enhance
use of native taxa, and (2) the characteristics of a "good predator´
for pest management. Key words: pest management, natural enemies, predators, Neuroptera,
Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 217–227 pp. Title: Neuroptera of Wallacea: a transitional fauna between major geographical
regions Author: T. R. New Author's address: Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
E-mail: zootn@zoo.latrobe.edu.au Abstract: The central regions of Malesia, Wallacea, are the meeting place of
the biota of two major geographical regions: Australia and the Oriental
Region. Knowledge of the lacewings of Wallacea is reviewed, as
an aid to assessing this faunal overlap and to understanding the origins
and affinities of the Australian fauna. The constitution of the Malesian
fauna of about 420 described species in 12 families is outlined, and
the interacting faunas are tentatively appraised and defined. Key words: zoogeography, Australasia, Oriental region, Malesia, lacewings Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 229–252 pp. Title: Zoogeographical patterns
in Chrysopidae of the Madagascan subregion (Insecta: Neuroptera) Author: Ohm, P. <@134> and H. Hölzel* Authors' addresses: Westring 337, D-24118 Kiel, Germany Abstract: Fifty four species and subspecies of Chrysopidae have been recorded
from the Madagascan subregion. Thirty seven are probably endemic to
the subregion, seventeen are more widely distributed: nine occur throughout
sub-Saharan Africa,six have only been found in Eastern Africa, while
two species occur throughout the continent and extend eastwards as
far as the Pacific region. Two of the endemic species, Dichochrysa
duplicata and Glenochrysa insularis are represented in
the subregion by three subspecies each. Key words: Chrysopidae, Madagascan region, distribution, biogeography Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 253–264 pp. Title: What is the real name of the Italian Ascalaphid? Authors: Pantaleoni, R. A. and A. Letardi* Authors' addresses: Department of Plant Protection, Entomological Section, University
of Sassari
via Enrico De Nicola, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; E-mail: r.pantaleoni@ss.cnr.it Abstract: An endemic species of Ascalaphidae living exclusively in the Italian
peninsula has been named for over a century Libelloides italicus
Fabricius (1781). This is the case of a long-term, established,
nomenclatorial situation which has apparently caused no problems.
Unfortunately, Fabricius´ type does not correspond
to the Italian ascalaphid. Thus an old dispute has been re-opened
and so the chronology concerning it are discussed. Key words: Ascalaphidae, Italy, nomenclature Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 265–269 pp. Title: Recent additions to the green lacewing fauna of Romania (Neuroptera:
Chrysopidae) Author: M. Paulian Author's address: Institutul de Cercet<@227>ri pentru Protec<@254>ia Plantelor
Boulevardul Ion Ionescu dela Brad 8, RO-71592 Bucure<@186>ti, Romania
E-mail: paulian@adcon.ro Abstract: The fauna of Romania included 25 species of green lacewings. Eight
more species were recently established. The localities where they
were found are given. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Romania, distribution Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 271–280 pp. Title: Zoogeographical analysis of Neuroptera
in Bulgaria Author: A. Popov Author's address: National Museum of Natural History, Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1, BG-1000
Sofia, Bulgaria,
E-mail: nmnhnd@bgcict.acad.bg Abstract: The Bulgarian species of Neuroptera have been analysed according to
origin, not on the basis of chorology. In Bulgaria, the more cold-loving
of the Siberian elements inhabit the mountains only (Sympherobius
fuscescens, Micromus paganus) and some ubiquists from the
same category occur in the whole country (Chrysopa perla, Myrmeleon
formicarius). Most of the Siberian–Mediterranean species
have a broad ecological plasticity (Coniopteryx pygmaea, Chrysopa
formosa). Only species with a typical Holarctic distribution in
North America, but not Siberian and Holomediterranean elements that
are probably casually introduced in the Nearctic, are interpreted
as Siberian–Nearctic. The Central European and the Central European–
Mediterranean species are rare components in the Bulgarian fauna.
Holomediterranean elements are about twice as numerous as the Pontomediterranean
ones. The expansive Holomediterranean species prevail considerably
over the stationary ones. Among the Pontomediterranean elements
both groups are equally represented in the fauna of Bulgaria. They
have a Balkan (Dilar turcicus, Nedroledon anatolicus)
or an Anatolian (Isoscelipteron fulvum, Hemerobius zernyi)
origin. The species of southern origin (the Mediterranean elements)
comprise 52% of the Bulgarian fauna of Neuroptera and predominate
slightly over the species of northern origin (originated from the
Central European and from the Siberian centres). Key words: Neuroptera, Bulgaria, zoogeography, arboreal, oreotundral,
eremial Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 281–291 pp. Title: Neuropterida of northern Europe Author: A. Popov Author's address: National Museum of Natural History, Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1, BG-1000
Sofia, Bulgaria,
E-mail: nmnhnd@bgcict.acad.bg Abstract: The collections of Neuropterida (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera and Neuroptera)
from Northern Europe in the museums in Denmark, Sweden and Finland
were revised or identified. Many species are established for the first
time in some provinces. Chrysopa commata, Chrysopa formosa,
Peyerimhoffina gracilis and Nineta pallida are added
to the species hitherto known in the area. So far, 82 species are
known from Northern Europe. Of the individual national faunas that
of Sweden has the most complete subset, 76 species, due to the presence
of the tundral fauna in Lappmark (Sialis sibirica) and the
thermophilous fauna in the southern provinces Sk Key words: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Northern Europe,
distribution, zoogeography Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 293–299 pp. Title: Autecology and biology of Nemoptera sinuata Olivier (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) Author: A. Popov Author's address: National Museum of Natural History, Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1, BG-1000
Sofia, Bulgaria
E-mail: nmnhnd@bgcict.acad.bg Abstract: Specimens of Nemoptera sinuata were reared from eggs to second
instar larvae in captivity, and observations on imagos were carried
out in the Struma Valley, Bulgaria. The adults occur in open sunny
places in river gorges and feed only on pollen. They are most active
at noon between the middle of May and the end of June. The males occur
one week earlier than the females. The eggs are laid directly on the
ground, most often in the morning. They are spherical (rare among
Neuroptera), white, opaque, with one micropyle. Up to 70 eggs are
laid by a female over a period of 10 days. The egg stage usually lasts
from 23 to 25 days. The lid is cut off by an eggbreaker during hatching.
The newly hatched larvae are 2.0–2.1 mm long, are terricolous
and always buried themselves by digging to 1 cm in depth. The larvae
rejected living or freshly killed arthropods, or roots and blossoms
of plants. They were only observed to take water and vegetable sap.
The longest surviving larva moulted in September (first instar lasts
72 days) and hibernated. It increased in length to 5 mm and died in
April after being reared for nine months. Key words: Nemoptera sinuata, imaginal ethology, feeding, oviposition,
egg, hatching, larva Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 301–310 pp. Title: Population dynamics and seasonal occurrence of adults of Chrysoperla
externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in a Citrus orchard
in southern Brazil Authors: Souza, B. and C. F. Carvalho Author's address: Depto de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras
C.P. 37, 37200–000 Lavras MG, Brasil
E-mail: brgsouza@ufla.br; cfc@ufla.br Abstract: Studies of the population dynamics of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen,
1861) adults were carried out in in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil,
in a citrus orchard, with the influence of precipitation, relative
humidity and maximum, minimum and average temperatures on its population
density being evaluated. Sampling was made weekly with an entomological
net on 20 citrus trees in an area of ca. 2 ha, between 13:00 and 17:00
h, from May 1992 to April 1996. Annual sampling records for adults
collected were 853, 629, 575 and 313, respectively, with a decreasing
population trend during the period, mainly in the fourth year of study.
An increase in the number of adults collected was observed from May
to September, with peaks of 687 (80.5%), 344 (54.7%), 328 (57.0%)
and 107 (34.2%) in September of 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively.
A remarkable decrease in the number of insects collected was observed
in the months after September, with no insects or only few ones collected
from November to March, December to February being the most critical
period. There was an increase in the number of adults with the decrease
in precipitation, relative humidity and temperature, with minimum
and average temperature influencing the most. Key words: Chrysoperla, Chrysopidae, Neuroptera, citrus,
weather factors, seasonal occurrence Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 311–328 pp. Title: Seasonal flight patterns of antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae)
monitored by the Hungarian light trap network Authors: Szentkirályi, F. and L. Kazinczy Authors' address: Department of Zoology, Plant Protection Institute of Hungarian Academy
of Sciences
H-1525, Budapest, P.O. Box 102, Hungary; E-mail: h2404sze@ella.hu Abstract: Few investigations have been conducted which characterise seasonal
flight patterns of antlions, because of their usual small population
size, sporadic and local occurrence, and sampling difficulties. Night-active
myrmeleontids are attracted to light sources, so light trapping can
collect them. The authors have monitored the seasonal flight activity
patterns of nine antlion species over more than 20 years using regular
nightly operation of the 60 light traps of the Hungarian light trap
network. Key words: Myrmeleontidae, antlion adults, flight activity pattern,
seasonality, temporal separation Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 329–340 pp. Title: Lacewings and snakeflies
(Neuroptera, Raphidioptera) as prey for bird nestlings in Slovakian
forest habitats Authors: Szentkirályi, F. and A. Kri<@154>tín Authors' addresses: Department of Zoology, Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy
of Sciences
H-1525, Budapest, P.O.Box 102, Hungary; E-mail Abstract: Songbirds in their breeding period are among the most important predators
of neuropteroid insects. The second author has conducted a long-term
study on diet of 40 species of songbirds in the nestling period (May–July)
since 1978 in mountainous oak-hornbeam, beech-oak, and beech-coniferous
forests in Central Slovakia. More than 60,000 food items were collected
predominantly by the neck-ring method and to a lesser extent by pellet,
stomach, and dropping content analysis. The proportion of Neuroptera
and Raphidioptera in food of nestlings of 17 bird species ranged between
0.1–3.9% and 0.1–4.4%, respectively. Key words: Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Raphidiidae,
songbirds, food of nestlings, foraging mode Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 341–349 pp. Title: Contribution to knowledge of female
internal genitalia of Neuroptera Author: Gy. Sziráki Author's address: Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum
H-1088 Budapest, Baross utca 13, Hungary; E-mail: sziraki@zoo.zoo.nhmus.hu Abstract: In continuing earlier research on female internal genitalia (FEIG)
of Neuroptera, further examinations were carried out on some species
of the families Coniopterygidae and Ascalaphidae. In the coniopterygid
subgenus Metaconiopteryx Kis, 1968 the correct association
of females with the corresponding males became possible as a result
of the examination of FEIG of the type material of Coniopteryx
(Metaconiopteryx) arcuata Kis, 1965. A comparison of
male and female internal genitalia in this subgenus suggests that
a lock and key mechanism was involves in the evolution of this group.
As regards the family Ascalaphidae, four taxa, Ascalaphus sinister
Walker, 1853, Bubopsis andromache firyuzae Sziráki,
2000 (Ascalaphinae), Idricerus sogdianus McLachlan,
1875 and Protidricerus elwesi (McLachlan,
1875) (Haplogleniinae) were investigated. In FEIG of these species
no distinctive features were found for separation of the two ascalaphid
subfamilies. Key words: Ascalaphidae, Coniopterygidae, female internal genitalia,
lock and key mechanism, male genitalia, Metaconiopteryx Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 351–357 pp. Title: Selective attractivity of artificial overwintering chambers for the
common green lacewing species of the Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)
complex in western Europe (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Authors: Thierry, D., Rat-Morris, E. and C. Caldumbide Authors' address: Institut National d´Horticulture, 2 rue Le N<@244>tre, 49045
Angers Cedex, France
E-mail: dominique.thierry@wanadoo.fr Abstract: The aim of this work is to test attractivity of different types of
substrats in overwintering chambers for the common green lacewing
species. Experiments were carried out in France near of Angers (48°28´N,
00°33´E) during winter 1999–2000. Sheets and rolls
of corrugated cardboard, and staw were used as substrats. Key words: lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi, biological control,
overwintering chamber Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 359–369 pp. Title: Preliminary survey of the lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae)
in agroecosytems in northern France, with phenological notes Authors: TrouvÉ, C., Thierry, D. and
M. Canard Authors' addresses: Service Régional de la Protection des Végétaux,
81 rue Bernard Palissy
F-62750 Loos-en-Gohelle, France
E-mail: caroline.trouve@agriculture.gouv.fr Abstract: A survey of lacewings was undertaken in an agricultural zone of northern
France. Adults were investigated in four cultures: strawberry, potato,
witloof and kidney bean, and in apple orchards. A fixed suction trap
gave an overview of the lacewing assemblage present. Yellow trap together
with portable suction-device collections showed the hemerobiids and
chrysopids currently harboured. Stalked eggs, larvae and cocoons of
chrysopids were sampled in strawberry, potato, cabbage and carrot,
and in apple-tree orchards. Rearing in the laboratory of all preimaginal
instars of the green lacewings collected bore witness to the actual
establishment of any species in the field. Key words: chrysopid, Chrysoperla kolthoffi, hemerobiid, pest
predator, biological control, agroecosystem Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 371–387 pp. Title: Resources in Scottish Neuropterology Author: A. E. Whittington Author's address: National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh
EH1 1JF, Scotland
E-mail: a.whittington@nms.ac.uk Abstract: The Neuroptera collections of the National Museums of Scotland are
hitherto an unexplored resource. Some records based on specimens exist,
scattered through the British literature in small reports and citations,
amalgamated into mapping exercises or are part of short papers describing
new species. It is the purpose of this paper to outline the content
of the collections and associated data sources.
Specimens, and labels directly associated with them, are the primary
source of data. Most specimens are pinned in traditional entomological
drawers. A smaller quantity of material exists in Industrial Methylated
Spirits (70% IMS) with a much smaller quantity (a few species) in
70% Ethanol.
The secondary, but no less important, source of information exists
in a database called the Scottish Insect Records Index (SIRI). This
is a paper database of the citations for published Scottish Insect
records – a key link to the British literature. The Neuroptera
Records from this index are now being electronically databased.
From these data sources, we can establish how many specimens exist
in which species and from what locations. Thus, informed answers to
environmental and conservation questions can be supplied, and we can
determine where further research is required. Key words: Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera Download in Portable Document Format (pdf)
Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), 401–407 pp. Title: Post-symposium neuropterological excursion in Hungary, 10–15
august, 2000 Authors: Whittington, A. E. and M. W. Mansell Authors' addresses: National Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, EH1 1JF, Edinburgh,
Scotland
E-mail: a.whittington@nms.ac.uk Abstract: Key words:
Zoologie générale et appliquée, Faculté
des Sciences agronomiques de Gembloux, Belgium; E-mail: zoologie@fsagx.ac.be
This confused situation and the paucity of data initiated the authors
to identify the green lacewing collection of the Gembloux University
of Agricultural Sciences, where lacewings from different parts of
Belgium were preserved, and also to collect chrysopids regularly.
Summarising the species reported in the literature and caught during
sampling, 18 green lacewing species have been verified in Belgium:
Nothochrysa fulviceps, Nothochrysa capitata, Hypochrysa elegans,
Nineta flava, Nineta vittata, Nineta pallida, Chrysotropia ciliata,
Chrysopa perla, Chrysopa dorsalis, Chrysopa abbreviata, Chrysopa
formosa, Chrysopa phyllochroma, Chrysopa pallens, Dichochrysa
flavifrons, Dichochrysa prasina, Dichochrysa ventralis, Chrysoperla
carnea, Cunctochrysa albolineata. Considering the known references,
one species, Nineta pallida proved to be new for the Belgian
fauna.
Laboratoire d´Écologie Terrestre/Zoologie, Université
Paul-Sabatier F 31062 Toulouse, Cédex 4, France; E-mail: michel.canard@wanadoo.fr
Naturmuseum Olten, Kirchgasse 10, CH-4600 Olten, Switzerland E-mail: naturmuseum@stadt.olten.ch
Neuroptera and Raphidioptera showed their highest species numbers
in the shrub belt and the forest mantle, while the Mecoptera preferred
the herbaceous fringe. Traps located deepest inside the forest yielded
the lowest number of species. In the forest interior, species numbers
peaked in the canopy. However, the canopy yielded markedly fewer species
than the forest edges. Steep forest edges contained 24% more species
than the forest interior, sloped, structurally rich forest edges even
60% more.
Westring 337, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
Apennine Centre for Ecological Research, Abruzzo National Park I-67032 Pescasseroli, L´Aquila, Italy
*Conservation Planning Unit, Department of Zoology & Entomology
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa E-mail: bfnerasmus@zoology.up.ac.za
Interactive Medical Information and Ordering Systems, 325
Rosemary Road
Menlo Park, 0081 South Africa; E-mail: healthpr@mweb.co.za
IRFA-UCO, 3 place André Leroy, B.P. 808, 49008 Angers Cedex 01,
France
E-mail: mmouloud@uco.fr
*Eppersdorf 1, A-9371 Brückl, Austria; E-mail: herbert.hoelzel@aon.at
The origin of most of the endemic species seems to be Africa south
of the Sahara. Only two Plesiochrysa species from the Seychelles
belong to the "oceanica-group" of Plesiochrysa,
that is not known from Africa but from the Oriental region.
In addition to the distance from the continent of Africa, Madagascar,
and the varying sizes and altitudes of the islands, the varying number
of known species from different islands is due to the disparate
amounts of work done on them. The Seychelles, Mauritius, La Réunion,
Mayotte, and Grande Comore where visited several times, Moheli
and Rodriguez for a few days only, while we only know of older reports
from Madagascar and Anjouan.
ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, S.P. 046, I-00060 S. Maria
di Galeria
Rome, Italy; E-mail: aletardi@casaccia.enea.it
In conclusion, Ascalaphus italicus Fabricius, 1781
is a junior synonym of Libelloides coccajus ([Denis
& Schiffermüller], 1775) (syn. n.) and a senior synonym
of Ascalaphus meridionalis de Charpentier,
1825. There are two possible names for the Italian ascalaphid: Libelloides
latinus (Lefebvre, 1842) (comb. n.), that is its valid
name, and Ascalaphus petagnae Costa, 1855 which is
its junior synonym.
Generally, the seasonal activity of adult antlions lasted from early
May to the end of September, and mass flight occurred in the period
early June–late August. Time series analytical methods detected
three characteristic species-groups with different seasonal flight-types.
The three groups were: (a) earlier active "late spring-early
summer" flying antlions (Megistopus flavicornis, Myrmeleon
formicarius, Nohoveus punctulatus); (b) intermediate "early
and mid-summer" flying antlions (Distoleon tetragrammicus,
Myrmeleon inconspicuus, Myrmecaelurus trigrammus);
(c) later "mid- and late summer" flying antlions (Creoleon
plumbeus, Euroleon nostras, Acanthaclisis occitanica).
Within groups the flight patterns were synchronised. One to four 10–day
interval temporal separations were found between general activity
patterns of groups. Further studies are needed to understand the ecological
background to the differences between the seasonal flights of myrmeleontid
species.
*Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
SK-96053, Zvolen, <@138>túrova 2, Slovakia; E-mail: kristin@sav.savzv.sk
Among the 4 raphidiid, 7 chrysopid, and 5 hemerobiid species recorded
in diets, the most abundant were Dichrostigma flavipes (adults),
Nineta pallida (larvae), and Hemerobius micans (adults).
The chrysopids were present with the greatest dominance (59%) in the
food composition of foliage gleaners, while hemerobiids were captured
in higher proportions (50%) by bark foragers. The raphidiids were
collected mainly by the generalist Ficedula albicollis (61%),
and by bark foragers (36%). In the diet composition of ground foragers
only a low number of neuropteroids were present. The sampled birds
caught the highest number of individuals from the three families of
neuropteroids in the period between mid-May and early June.
Chambers were colonized by a large numbers of Chrysoperla kolthoffi
(Navás). The number of lacewings was two times greater
in straw than in corrugated cardboard. The suitability of staw was
confirmed.
Only 5 Chrysoperla carnea s. s. (Stephens) were collected,
This species seemed to overwinter in more ventilated cavities than
our confined boxes. Only one Chrysoperla. lucasina (Lacroix)
was found.
Our device can already be used to improve the number of overwintering
Ch. kolthoffi near the crops. In order to develop overwintering
chambers as a proper tool for studing overwintering guild structures
further experiments are needed with Ch.carnea, Ch. lucasina
or other species.
Université Catholique de l´Ouest, Département
des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre
44 rue Rabelais, F-49000 Angers, France
E-mail: dominique.thierry@wanadoo.fr
47 chemin Flou de Rious, F-31400 Toulouse, France
E-mail: michel.canard@wanadoo.fr
Seven green lacewings species were identified, but the lacewing diversity
is low. In all cases, the eurytopic generalist predator Chrysoperla
kolthoffi was the dominant species. Adults flied from May (wintering
generation) to autumn, showing a peak in July. The occurrence of preimaginal
instars suggests three generations. Four brown lacewing species were
recorded, among them Micromus variegatus was the most
abundant. They flew mainly in July and August.
Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria. Private Bag
X134, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
E-mail: vrehmwm@plant5.agric.za