Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (1), pp. 1–17, 2000
Title: Spatial distribution of carabids along grass-forest transects
Authors: Magura, T., B. Tóthmérész* and T. Molnár
Authors' addresses: Department of Zoology, Kossuth L. University, POBox 3, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, E-mail: magura@tigris.klte.hu
*Ecological Institute, Kossuth L. University, POBox 71, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary, E-mail: tothmerb@tigris.klte.hu
Abstract: Spatial distribution of ground-beetles and associations between carabids and environmental variables were studied in grass-forest transects in the Aggtelek National Park in Hungary. The carabid assemblages of the grass, the forest edge and the forest interior can be separated from each other by principal coordinates analysis, suggesting that all habitats have a characteristic and distinct species composition. The collected carabid species can be divided into five groups by indicator species analysis: (1) habitat generalists, (2) forest generalists, (3) species of the grass, (4) forest edge species, and (5) forest specialists. Distributions of the eighteen most frequent carabids were generally aggregated. There were significant correlations between the carabid abundance and the following abiotic factors: relative cover of the leaf litter, the herbs, the shrubs, and the canopy layer. Biotic factors, like the abundance of the carabids' prey, and the occurrence of other carabids were also correlated significantly with the distribution of particular species at the studied spatial scale. For the eighteen most frequent species we found 7 significant positive and 4 significant negative correlations of the abundance patterns. For two species (Molops piceus (Panzer, 1793) and Pterostichus burmeisteri Heer, 1841), which are of similar size, spatial pattern and seasonal activity, we found significant negative interaction suggesting interspecific competition between them. The results stress the importance of an integration of biotic and abiotic factors in carabid ecology, and also provide an empirical approach for understanding spatial distribution of carabids.
Key words: forest edge, aggregation indices, indicator species, community organisation

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (1), pp. 19–26, 2000
Title: Detection of spatial autocorrelation among bird territories based on line transect censuses
Author: C. Moskát
Author's address: Animal Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS)
c/o Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
E-mail: moskat@zoo.zoo.nhmus.hu
Abstract: Spatial autocorrelations in the territories of four marshland-nesting passerines (Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Reed Warbler A. scirpaceus, Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus and Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides) were demonstrated by correlograms computed by Moran's I coefficient. The data set was based upon territory mapping of breeding birds in Kis-Balaton Nature Reserve (W Hungary). For the Sedge Warbler seven consecutive line transect censuses were also evaluated. Except for the first two transect censuses, which were carried out at the beginning of the breeding season, autocorrelation analysis of the line transect censuses revealed similar patterns as the more accurate, but more time-consuming, territory mapping. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of transect data revealed the main features of the autocorrelation structure, the high value at any of the first three lags, but no autocorrelation at lag 4 or 5. I conclude, that the line transect censuses provide adequate data to detect spatial relationships in territorial birds.
Key words: spatial autocorrelation, Moran's I, line transect, bird census, marshland, Acrocephalus sp.

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (1), pp. 27–33, 2000
Title: Habitat selection of migrating sedge warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) and marsh warblers (A. palustris) in a South-Hungarian reed swamp
Authors: J. Gyurácz and L. Bank*
Authors' addresses: Department of Zoology, Berzsenyi College, P. O. Box 170, H-9701 Szombathely, Hungary, E-mail: gyjozsi@fs2.bdtf.hu
*Local Group of County Baranya, BirdLife Hungary, Felsõmalom u. 22, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
Abstract: Data from a ringing program in a South Hungarian reed swamp, were used to analyse the horizontal and vertical distribution of the juvenile, adult Sedge Warblers and Marsh Warblers during autumn migration. The horizontal spatial pattern of the juvenile and adult Sedge Warblers showed clumped distribution in the reed bed. One thousand three hundred and twenty-five (35%) juvenile and 203 (27%) adult Sedge Warblers were caught in three internal nets of the first line of mist-nets, which represents only 16% of the nets. These 3 nets are standing in the 30–40 m wide zone near open water. Juvenile Marsh Warblers' distribution was clumped, but there was no significant trend in the number of juveniles along the shore–open water gradient (R2 = 0.07). Adult Marsh Warblers' distribution was random in the reed bed. The vertical spatial distribution of the age classes were 1 significantly clumped for both species. The investigation of food dispersion in a reed bed, the vegetation structure and the interspecific competition among reed warblers is required to better understand the habitat selection of reed warblers.
Key words: habitat selection, spatial distribution, Sedge Warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Marsh Warbler, Acrocephalus palustris

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (1), pp. 35–52, 2000
Title: Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Mongolia, XIV: Doryctinae, Helconinae, Meteorinae, Euphorinae, Blacinae, Opiinae and Alysiinae
Author: J. Papp
Author's address: Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H–1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary
Abstract: Thirty braconid species are listed from Mongolia of which five proved to be new to science: Peristenus kaszabi sp. n., Dinotrema firmidens sp. n., Phaenocarpa aurosetosa sp. n., Phaenocarpa propebakinum sp. n., Synaldis sinaulice sp. n. and seventeen species new to her fauna. Faunistic contributions are presented for every species, taxonomic remarks to those species where necessary. With 36 original figures.
Key words: Mongolia, Braconidae, subfamilies, faunistics, new species

Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (1), pp. 53–78, 2000
Title: Survey of the Taiwanese Ethmiinae (Lepidoptera, Oecophoridae) with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Kun, A. and Cs. Szabóky*
Authors' addresses: Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13, Hungary, E-mail: kuni@zoo.zoo.nhmus.hu
*Forest Research Institute, H-1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó út 42–44, Hungary
Abstract: The characterization of the Ethmiinae species of Taiwan, with the descriptions of Ethmia penesella sp. n., E. pseudozygospila sp. n. and E. susa sp. n. are given. The taxonomic status of E. okinawana (Matsumura, 1931) is revised, the male genitalia of E. zygospila Meyrick and E. octanoma Meyrick are described and illustrated for the first time. With 56 figures.
Key words: Ethmiinae, Ethmia, new species and taxonomic status, Taiwan